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Bernal Díaz del Castillo's The True History of the Conquest of New Spain is a firsthand account of the Spanish conquest of Mexico. A foot soldier under Hernán Cortés, Díaz del Castillo sought to provide a more accurate and detailed account than previous works, particularly the one written by Cortés's chaplain, Francisco López de Gómara. Díaz del Castillo felt that Gómara’s account overlooked the contributions of the common soldiers, and he aimed to correct that imbalance. He began writing his memoirs nearly thirty years after the conquest, drawing from his memory and personal records.

Díaz del Castillo’s narrative recounts several pivotal moments in the conquest, including the early expeditions to Yucatán, the battles with indigenous populations, and the eventual capture of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán. He reveals the motivations of the conquistadors, focusing on their thirst for wealth, glory, and the desire to spread Christianity. Throughout his account, he highlights the extreme hardships faced by the Spanish soldiers—battles, injuries, disease, and hunger. Díaz del Castillo also offers a window into the culture and customs of the indigenous peoples, describing their religious practices, advanced city planning, and complex social structures.

Considered a vital historical source, Díaz del Castillo’s work stands out for its firsthand perspective and its detailed depictions of the events surrounding the conquest. His writing style is more accessible and less formal than many other historical works of the time, making it easier for modern readers to engage with. The True History of the Conquest of New Spain offers a multifaceted view of this crucial event in history, showcasing both the bravery and brutality of the conquest, as well as its cultural and historical complexities.

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