Content deleted Content added
No edit summary Tags: Reverted Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
No edit summary Tags: Reverted harv-error Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit Disambiguation links added |
||
Line 205:
=== Officials ===
==== Safavid monarchs ====
The [[Safavid dynasty|Safavids]] were an [[Iranian people|Iranian]] dynasty founded by Kurdish Sheikhs.<ref>* Matthee, Rudi. (2005). The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500-1900. Princeton University Press. p. 18; "The Safavids, as Iranians of Kurdish ancestry and of nontribal background (...)".
* Savory, Roger. (2008). "EBN BAZZĀZ". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 1. p. 8. "This official version contains textual changes designed to obscure the Kurdish origins of the Safavid family and to vindicate their claim to descent from the Imams."
* Amoretti, Biancamaria Scarcia; Matthee, Rudi. (2009). "Ṣafavid Dynasty". In Esposito, John L. (ed.) The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. "Of Kurdish ancestry, the Ṣafavids started as a Sunnī mystical order (...)"</ref>
{| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"
! style="width:8%;"| Portrait
! style="width:12%;"| Titular Name
! style="width:18%;"| Full Name
! style="width:9%;"| Birth
! style="width:20%;"| Reign
! style="width:13%;"| Death
! style="width:20%;"| Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shah Ismail I.jpg|200px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Ismail I]]<br>{{Nastaliq|اسماعیل یکم}}
| style="text-align:center;"|Abu’l Muzaffar Shah Ismail al-Husayni al-Musavi al-Safavi Bahadur Khan<br>{{Nastaliq|ابوالمظفر شاه اسمعیل الحسینی الموسوی الصفوی بهادرخان}}
| style="text-align:center;"|17 July 1487<br>[[Ardabil]], [[Iran]]
| style="text-align:center;"|22 December 1501 – 23 May 1524
| style="text-align:center;"|23 May 1524 (aged 36)<br>Near [[Tabriz]], Iran
| style="text-align:center;"|Founded the dynasty. Formation of the first central government after the Arab invasion of Iran. Selecting Tabriz as the capital. Declaring [[Shiism]] as the official religion of the government. Victory in the war against the [[Uzbeks]] at 1510. Defeat in the [[Battle of Chaldiran]]<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/296081/Ismail-I Ismāʿīl I], in [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], online ed., 2011</ref><ref name="Bingham116">Woodbridge Bingham, Hilary Conroy, Frank William Iklé, ''A History of Asia: Formations of Civilizations, From Antiquity to 1600'',and Bacon, 1974, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ogkQAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Shah+of+Iran%22+1502 p. 116.]</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shah Tahmasp I in the mountains (cropped).jpg|200px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Tahmasp I]]<br>{{Nastaliq|تهماسب یکم}}
| style="text-align:center;"|Abu’l Muzaffar Abu’l Fath Shah Tahmasp al-Husayni al-Musavi al-Safavi Bahadur Khan<br>{{Nastaliq|ابوالمظفر ابوالفتح شاه تهماسب الحسینی الموسوی الصفوی بهادر خان}}
| style="text-align:center;"|22 February 1514<br>[[Shahabad, Isfahan|Shahabad]], [[Isfahan]], Iran
| style="text-align:center;"|23 May 1524 – 25 May 1576
| style="text-align:center;"|25 May 1576 (aged 62)<br>[[Qazvin]], Iran
| style="text-align:center;"|Victory over the Uzbeks. Consecutive defeats in the war with the [[Ottoman empire]]. The conclusion of the [[Treaty of Amasya]] with the Ottoman Empire, under which; Western [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], Western [[Armenia]], and parts of present-day [[Iraq]] were ceded to the Ottoman government. Asylum of [[Humayun|Humayun Shah]] and [[Şehzade Bayezid]] to the court of Iran. Change the capital of safavid dynasty from Tabriz to Qazvin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tahmasp-i|title=ṬAHMĀSP I|accessdate=12 May 2015}}</ref><ref>Shaw, Stanford J. (1976), ''History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey'', Volume 1, p. 109. [[Cambridge University Press]], {{ISBN|0-521-29163-1}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shah Ismayil I.jpg|200px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Ismail II]]<br>{{Nastaliq|اسماعیل دوم}}
| style="text-align:center;"|Abu’l Muzaffar Shah Ismail II al-Husayni al-Musavi al-Safavi Bahadur Khan<br>{{Nastaliq|ابوالمظفر شاه اسمعیل ثانی الحسینی الموسوی الصفوی بهادر خان}}
| style="text-align:center;"|31 May 1537<br>[[Qom]], Iran
| style="text-align:center;"|22 August 1576 – 24 November 1577
| style="text-align:center;"|24 November 1577 (aged 40)<br>Qazvin, Iran
| style="text-align:center;"|With the help of the [[Qezelbash]]. he wins the race for succession over his brother [[Haydar Mirza Safavi|Haidar Mirza]]. As soon as he came to power, he killed all his uncles, cousins, brothers and nephews (his older brother [[Mohammad Khodabanda|Mohammad Mirza]], the ruler of [[Fars Province|Fars]], and his sons like [[Abbas the Great|Abbas Mirza]], who survived the massacre).
Ishmael II has the shortest reign among all Safavid kings, he reigned for 1 year, 6 months and 22 days<ref>[http://www.nosabooks.com/WebUI/Search.aspx?qk=isbn&q=9643251063&rp=1&adv=0&fv=0&pv=0 ''Ismail II ''], Dr Manouchehr Parsadoost, {{ISBN|9643251063}}, 2003</ref><ref>Andrew J. Newman, ''Safavid Iran'' (IB Tauris, 2004) p. 42</ref><ref>Oberling, Pierre, ''Georgians and Circassians in Iran'', The Hague, 1963; pp.127-143</ref><ref>Savory pp. 69–70</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Illustration of the Safavid shah Mohammad Khodabandeh.jpg|200px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Mohammad Khodabanda]]<br>{{Nastaliq|محمد خدابنده}}
| style="text-align:center;"|Abu’l Muzaffar Shah Sultan Mohammad al-Husayni al-Musavi al-Safavi Bahadur Khan<br>{{Nastaliq|ابوالمظفر شاه سلطان محمد الحسینی الموسوی الصفوی بهادر خان }}
| style="text-align:center;"|1532<br>?
| style="text-align:center;"|11 February 1578 – October 1587
| style="text-align:center;"|1595 (aged 64)<br>[[Alamut Castle]], Qazvin, Iran
| style="text-align:center;"|It is ruled by the rulers of qezelbash. Defeat in the war with the Ottoman Empire and the secession of the [[Caucasus]], Armenia and [[Azerbaijan]] from Iran. Mohammad Khodabandeh was defeated by the Uzbeks in 1585, which led to the secession of [[Khorasan province]] from Iran (in the same year, the Uzbeks destroyed the tomb of [[Tahmasp I|Shah Tahmasp]] and removed his bones and set it on fire). In successive battles for the throne with his son [[Abbas the Great|abbas mirza]], He was defeated in a series of battles with his son and was imprisoned in Alamut Castle for the rest of his life.<ref name="Iranica">{{Citation | last =Matthee | first =Rudi | title = Safavid Dynasty | date = 28 July 2008 | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/safavids | accessdate = 9 August 2012}}</ref><ref>Andrew J. Newman, ''Safavid Iran'', I.B.Tauris, 2004, p.42</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shah Abbas.jpg|200px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Abbas I of Persia|Abbas I]]<br>{{Nastaliq|عباس یکم}}
| style="text-align:center;"|Abu’l Muzaffar Shah Abbas al-Husayni al-Musavi al-Safavi Bahadur Khan<br>{{Nastaliq|ابوالمظفر شاه عباس الحسینی الموسوی الصفوی بهادر خان }}
| style="text-align:center;"|27 January 1571<br>[[Herat]], Safavid Iran (modern-day [[Afghanistan]])
| style="text-align:center;"|1 October 1588 – 19 January 1629
| style="text-align:center;"|19 January 1629 (aged 57)<br>[[Behshahr|Ashraf]], Iran
| style="text-align:center;"|He came to the throne with the help of qezelbash rulers. Early peace with the Ottoman Empire and buying time to reorganize the government and the army. Moved the capital of the Safavid dynasty from Qazvin to [[Isfahan]]. Attack on Uzbeks and retook lost territories during the reign of Shah sultan Mohammad Khodabanda. Attacks on the Ottoman Empire and the recapture of [[Tabriz]], [[Urmia]], Armenia and the conquest of [[Tbilisi]], [[Kurdistan Region|Iraqi Kurdistan]] and [[Baghdad]]. Recapture of [[Kandahar]] from Mughal empires. [[Anglo-Persian capture of Ormuz|Invasion of Hormuz]] with English help and expulsion of the Portuguese from southern Iran.<ref>{{harvnb|Thorne|1984|p=1}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Savory|1980|p=71}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Newman|2006|p=42}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shah Safi I of Persia on Horseback Carrying a Mace- Sahand Ace.png|200px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Safi of Persia|Safi I]]<br>{{Nastaliq|صفی یکم}}
| style="text-align:center;"|‘Abu’l Muzaffar Safi Shah al-Husayni al-Musavi al-Safavi Bahadur Khan<br>{{Nastaliq|ابوالمظفر صفی شاه الحسینی الموسوی الصفوی بهادر خان}}
| style="text-align:center;"|1611<br>?
| style="text-align:center;"|28 January 1629 – 12 May 1642
| style="text-align:center;"|12 May 1642 (aged 30/31)<br>[[Kashan]], Iran
| style="text-align:center;"|Killing all the rulers of Shah Abbas and killing and blinding the whole royal family. Loss of the states of Baghdad and Kandahar. Peace with the Ottoman Empire and the conclusion of the [[Treaty of Zuhab]] between the parties and With the conclusion of this treaty, there was no war between the two countries until the end of the Safavid rule.<ref>[[:fa:شاه صفی یکم]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=March 2021}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shah Abbas II, 1663, Aga Khan trust of culture.PNG|200px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Abbas II of Persia|Abbas II]]<br>{{Nastaliq|عباس دوم}}
| style="text-align:center;"|‘Abu’l Muzaffar Shah Abbas II al-Husayni al-Musavi al-Safavi Bahadur Khan<br>{{Nastaliq|ابوالمظفر شاه عباس ثانی الحسینی الموسوی الصفوی بهادر خان}}
| style="text-align:center;"|30 August 1632<br>Qazvin/Isfahan, Iran
| style="text-align:center;"|15 May 1642 – 26 October 1666
| style="text-align:center;"|26 October 1666 (aged 34)<br>Khosrowabad, near [[Damghan]], Iran
| style="text-align:center;"|In 1643 [[Rostam Khan (sepahsalar under Safi)|Rostam Khan]] and in 1644 the Bakhtiari tribes revolted, but both revolts were suppressed by [[Saru Taqi]]. On February 22, 1649, Kandahar was re-occupied by the Safavids. The city remained part of the Safavid kingdom until the fall of Isfahan. The [[Russo-Persian Wars|Iran-Russia Wars (1551-1553)]] took place, neither side gained complete supremacy. However, after this period of wars, Safavids influence in the northern parts of the Caucasus was strengthened.<ref name="bab">{{harvnb|Babaie|Babayan|Baghdiantz-MacCabe|Farhad|2004|p=44}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Suleiman I of Persia.jpg|200px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Suleiman of Persia|Suleiman I]]/Safi II<br>{{Nastaliq|سلیمان یکم}}/{{Nastaliq|صفی دوم}}
| style="text-align:center;"|‘Abu’l Muzaffar Shah Suleiman al-Husayni al-Musavi al-Safavi Bahadur Khan<br>{{Nastaliq|ابوالمظفر شاه سلیمان الحسینی الموسوی الصفوی بهادر خان}}
| style="text-align:center;"|February/March 1648 or 1647<br>?
| style="text-align:center;"|1 November 1666 – 29 July 1694
| style="text-align:center;"|29 July 1694<br>(aged 46)<br>Isfahan, Iran
| style="text-align:center;"|He was crowned twice, first crowned by name of Safi II on November 1, 1666, and second crowned by name of Shah Suleiman on March 20, 1668. During his first coronation, tribes east of the Caspian Sea revolted, including the Cossacks, who invaded Iran by sea and burned the city of [[Farahabad, Mazandaran|Farahabad]], killing people and occupying part of the country. Government administration by Prime Minister [[Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh]] and increasing the influence of pilgrims and women of the shrine. Increasing ties with European governments and many constructions in the country, including the construction of [[Hasht Behesht]].<ref>[[:fa:شاه سلیمان یکم]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=March 2021}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Sultan Husayn of Persia.jpg|200px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Sultan Husayn]]<br>{{Nastaliq|سلطان حسین}}
| style="text-align:center;"|‘Abu’l Muzaffar Shah Sultan Husayn al-Husayni al-Musavi al-Safavi Bahadur Khan<br>{{Nastaliq|ابوالمظفر شاه سلطان حسین الحسینی الموسوی الصفوی بهادر خان}}
| style="text-align:center;"|October 1668<br>?
| style="text-align:center;"|6 August 1694 – 21 October 1722
| style="text-align:center;"|15 November 1726 (aged 58)<br>Isfahan, Iran
| style="text-align:center;"|Increasing the influence of Shiite clerics such as [[Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi|Allameh Majlisi]] and being too strict with other religions. Insurgency of Afghans ([[Ghilji|Ghaljai]] and [[Durrani|Abdali]]), [[Baloch people|Baluchis]], [[Kurd]]s and [[Lezgins|Lezgi]] tribes throughout Iran. [[Mahmud Hotak|Mahmud Afghan]] invaded in 1720 to overthrow the central government
The fall of [[Kerman province]] in 1721. Sending [[Tahmasp II|Tahmasp Mirza]] to Qazvin and Safi Mirza to [[Kermanshah]] before the fall of the capital to help the central government. Siege of Isfahan from March 8, 1722, by Mahmud Afghan, surrender of the throne in October 1722 to Mahmud Afghan and the fall of the Safavid dynasty. He was executed by order of [[Ashraf Hotak|Ashraf Afghan]] on November 15, 1726.<ref>[[Sultan Husayn]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=March 2021}}
|-
|}
Including tribesmen:
{{columns-list|colwidth=35em|*[[Karim Khan Zand]], 1751–1779 {{lang|fa|کریم خان زند}}
*[[Mohammad Ali Khan Zand]], 1779 {{lang|fa|محمدعلی خان زند}}
*[[Abol-Fath Khan Zand]], 1779 {{lang|fa|ابوالفتح خان زند}}
*[[Sadeq Khan Zand]], 1779–1782 {{lang|fa|صادق خان زند}}
*[[Ali-Morad Khan Zand]], 1782–1785 {{lang|fa|علیمراد خان زند}}
* [[Jafar Khan]], 1785–1789 {{lang|fa|جعفر خان زند}}
* [[Sayed Morad Khan]], 1789 {{lang|fa|سيد مراد خان زند}}
*[[Lotf Ali Khan]], 1789–1794 {{lang|fa|لطفعلی خان زند}}
* [[Ali Beg Zanganeh]] – (16th-century) Safavid Zanganeh tribeman.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | article = ŠAYḴ-ʿALI KHAN ZANGANA | last = Matthee | first = Rudi | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shaykh-ali-khan | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = | isbn = }}</ref>
* [[Ganj Ali Khan]] – ( ? – 1624) 17th century Safavid military officer and provincial governor.<ref>{{cite book | title = Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire | year = 2008 | publisher = I.B.Tauris | last = Newman | first = Andrew J. | pages = 184 | isbn = 9780857716613}}</ref>
Line 222 ⟶ 321:
* [[Yahya Sadeq Vaziri]] – (11 October 1911, Sanandaj – 30 January, 2013 Tehran) government official.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://asre-nou.net/php/view.php?objnr=25314 | title=یحیی صادق وزیری اندیشمند سیاسی و راد‌مرد حقوقی }}</ref>
* [[Ghafour Youssefiani]] – (9 March 1928, Saqqez – 17 September 2018, Tehran) diplomat and Governor of Opec between 1958–1979. {{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
* [[Abdul Rahman Haji Ahmadi]] - (1941) - Kurdish leader. He leads a group called the Kurdistan Free Life Party (PJAK), a group fighting against the Iranian government for the creation of an autonomous Kurdish region inside Iran.
* [[Mohammad Reza Rahimi]] – (11 January 1949, Serishabad, Qorveh) politician, prosecutor and academic.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mohammad Reza Rahimi|url=http://www.irdiplomacy.ir/en/page/1906034/Mohammad+Reza+Rahimi.html|access-date=17 February 2013|work=IRD|date=27 August 2012}}</ref>
* [[Bijan Namdar Zangeneh]] – (21 September 1952, Kermanshah) government minister at different cabinets.<ref name="faratab.com" />
* [[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]] - (1961) - Iranian conservative politician, former military officer, and current Speaker of the Parliament of Iran since 2020.
* [[Saleh Adibi]] – (1964) – academic and diplomat.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.irna.ir/en/News/81762382/|title=First ever Sunni diplomat named Iran ambassador to Hanoi|work=IRNA|date=16 September 2015|accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref>
* [[Majid Kavian]] - (1982) - former deputy commander of the militant Kurdistan Free Life Party}}
{{center|
| |||