))
On the Espresso English podcast, you'll learn English grammar, vocabulary, phrases, idioms, and more. Espresso English lessons are clear and practical, making it easy to learn the language quickly and effectively. Visit http://www.espressoenglish.net to get English courses and e-books that will help you learn faster!
…
continue reading
Advanced English learning. The best podcast to learn English. Short English lessons with an experienced native English teacher. Most beneficial for intermediate to advanced English learners. Join to become a confident English speaker. Visit www.englishlessonviaskype.com to check out my advanced English intensive courses, online English lessons on Zoom/Skype, online English courses and much more!
…
continue reading
How Americans use English grammar in everyday conversation.
…
continue reading
Learn English grammar with these short programmes. Each episode explores a new piece of grammar you need to improve your English. Find more at bbclearningenglish.com Follow us at bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/followus
…
continue reading
Learn American English with your host Michael DiGiacomo from Happy English in New York City. Michael has been teaching English since 1994. This is an English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) podcast that brings you fun, practical, and useful English lessons which are ideal for intermediate and advanced level English learners everywhere. This podcast is perfect for university students, business professionals, homemakers, retirees and anyone who is interested ...
…
continue reading
🇬🇧 I'm Michael Lavers and this podcast will help you improve your English. I'm an online English teacher for students learning as a second language. In this podcast, I answer your questions about learning and help you achieve your goals in British English. Once a month I talk to a teacher or expert on topics related to language.
…
continue reading
At Advanced English, we teach you to speak English fluently and confidently through real-world English conversations and the exploration of American English culture. Our goal is to improve your fluency, confidence, and clarity when speaking English. While we focus on improving English communication and conversation, we also help improve your English grammar, English comprehension, and English listening skills. Learn about your teachers Mary Daphne (Ed.M., Columbia University) and Greg (MBA, ...
…
continue reading
Listening practice for learners of B1 intermediate and B2 upper-intermediate levels of British English. Learn British English by listening to stories. Original and exciting stories written for learners and students of British English. Practise and prepare for Cambridge: B1 PET Preliminary and FCE First Certificate exams. IELTS: level 4, level 5 and level 6. Includes English grammar explanations and practice exercises, examples of vocabulary use, phrasal verbs and collocations help, British E ...
…
continue reading
Luke's English Podcast is an award-winning podcast for learners of English. Listen, learn and have fun while picking up natural British English as it really is spoken. http://teacherluke.co.uk Sign up to LEP Premium on Acast+ and add the premium episodes to a podcast app on your phone. https://plus.acast.com/s/teacherluke. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
…
continue reading
1
A Way with Words - language, linguistics, and callers from all over
Hosted by Martha Barnette and Grant Barrett. Produced by Stefanie Levine.
6k
754
Light-hearted conversation with callers from all over about new words, old sayings, slang, family expressions, language change and varieties, as well as word histories, linguistics, regional dialects, word games, grammar, books, literature, writing, and more. Be a part of the show with author/journalist Martha Barnette and linguist/lexicographer Grant Barrett. Share your language thoughts, questions, and stories: https://waywordradio.org/contact or [email protected]. In the US 🇺🇸 and Ca ...
…
continue reading
How can I improve my Business English more quickly? Why am I lacking confidence when I need English in business situations? How can I learn vocabulary and idioms for Business English? If you are asking these questions, this Podcast is for you! ALsensei is an English Teaching Professional who has been helping businesspeople with English and Communication skills in Japan for over 18 years! He has worked with people from all backgrounds and levels including consulting at Global Fortune 500 comp ...
…
continue reading
1
Breakout Business English - Improve your vocabulary and confidence using English at work.
Chris - Breakout Business English
2321
Breakout Business English is all about improving your confidence, vocabulary, grammar and fluency in Business English. If you're not a native English speaker and you use English as a 2nd language to communicate at work then this podcast is definitely for you! You’ll find tips, strategies, and tools to grow your professional communication skills, as well as vocabulary episodes aimed at giving you new, advanced, professional vocabulary around workplace themes. We explore how you can express yo ...
…
continue reading
Improve your English in a fast, fun and convenient way. Professional and experienced teachers help you improve your English grammar, vocabulary, idioms and more. All levels: from elementary to proficiency. Visit our website www.perfectlyspoken.com to find out more about our courses and live practice.
…
continue reading
1
Speak English Now through mini-stories with teacher Georgiana
Georgiana, founder of SpeakEnglishPodcast.com
1k332
Hi, I’m Georgiana, the founder of SpeakEnglishPodcast.com. Since 2011, I’ve been helping people like you speak English fluently. Specializing in developing English fluency, I use highly effective and proven techniques such as mini-stories and point-of-view lessons. These approaches have helped numerous learners like you speak English fluently. In the last decade, I have created several English courses used by hundreds of thousands of students. Additionally, I host The Speak English Now podca ...
…
continue reading
The monthly podcast about linguistic discrimination. Learn about how we judge other people's speech as a sneaky way to be racist, sexist, classist, etc. Carrie and Megan teach you how to stop being an accidental jerk. Support this podcast at www.patreon.com/vocalfriespod
…
continue reading
Are you looking for a new and fun way to learn American English? Come hang out with Lindsay and Michelle from Boston and New York City and have fun while you improve your English listening skills! We are an English as a Second Language (ESL) podcast for intermediate to advanced English learners around the world. We will show you how to use everyday English vocabulary and natural idioms, expressions, and phrasal verbs and how to make small talk in American English. We will also give you speci ...
…
continue reading
We ask native English speakers real exam questions from previous B2, C1, C2 and IELTS papers and analyse the answers for the best bits. You'll learn lots of great vocabulary and useful expressions to use in your exam as well as tips on writing, grammar and much more. You get to listen to really interesting speakers from the UK, USA, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, which is something you need to practice lots of before the exam. For more information check out: https://realex ...
…
continue reading
Do you want to speak better English? Then ANGLOPOD is for you! Whatever your level, if you Learn English with Dan, you will develop your language skills and increase your confidence in English. This series of podcasts will help answer some of the most common questions students have about English. Want to learn more? Then go to anglopod.com and sign up to watch unlimited, uninterrupted video lessons to help you understand English grammar, build your vocabulary, and improve your pronunciation. ...
…
continue reading
Confident Business English host and accredited Neurolanguage Coach® Anna Connelly brings senior managers, who already need to communicate in English, more advanced business English tips to boost confidence. Listeners say they love the podcast because it's to-the-point, useful and interesting.
…
continue reading
Welcome to ENGLISH GRAMMAR.
…
continue reading
English practice for beginners and advanced, that will inspire and refresh the anxious language student. Download the text and grammar notes for a complete language experience. You really can learn English well with this clearly spoken and delightful course.
…
continue reading
Thinking in English is a podcast designed for intermediate and advanced English learners. I believe that thinking is an incredibly important step on the road fluency, and this podcast is going to help you achieve this by discussing topics ranging from politics and economics, to philosophy and science. Rather than "learning English", Thinking in English focuses on "learning in English." Learn something new, listen to something interesting, and improve your English at the same time! Conversati ...
…
continue reading
Adam explains English grammar, both for learners of English as a Second Language, and people who are just confused.
…
continue reading
1
Down to Business English
Skip Montreux, Dez Morgan & Samantha Vega | Business English Instructors
1k120
A podcast for people who use English as a Second or Foreign Language (ESL/EFL) in their work environment and want to improve their overall language skills. In each episode, hosts Skip Montreux, Dez Morgan, and Samantha Vega discuss Business news making headlines around the world. Through their discussions, Skip, Dez and Samantha introduce English vocabulary & phrases related to business, review grammar, and identify cultural differences found in International business situations. An excellen ...
…
continue reading
This is a podcast for advanced "English Learners" that want to hear *Real English* in it's daily use from a "Real Person". In this podcast, you will not hear anything about grammar, rules of English or any of that classroom B.S. This podcast will cover a variety of topics about life, relationships, films, etc.. The dialogue will be unscripted, but will always start with a main idea. Feel free to share your opinions because I'm about to share mine.. Lol
…
continue reading
Five-time winner of Best Education Podcast in the Podcast Awards. Grammar Girl provides short, friendly tips to improve your writing and feed your love of the English language. Whether English is your first language or your second language, these grammar, punctuation, style, and business tips will make you a better and more successful writer. Grammar Girl is a Quick and Dirty Tips podcast.
…
continue reading
Do you want to get a band 7 on the IELTS exam? IELTS exam preparation doesn’t have to be hard or boring! It can be fun! Aubrey and Jessica from All Ears English are back with a new way to help you achieve the IELTS score you need for the General or the Academic exam! We’ll give you IELTS strategies, practice, tips, tricks, and secrets using real English examples. We’ll show you how to take control of the Speaking Section by reducing anxiety, panic, and fear. You’ll learn what to do when your ...
…
continue reading
This podcast is created for basic English learners. The objective of this podcast is to share the knowledge of English with fun. English grammar and vocabulary related topics will be discussed. I would suggest you to keep practicing. You will overcome your hurdles if you work from the bottom of the heart. My best wishes to you. Snehal Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/snehalhedau/support
…
continue reading
Already having a personal development podcast, Arsenio takes to the ESL world to get as much material as he can to his thousands of academic studying listeners around the world. My goal is to get every accent in the world on my podcast, so for those of you who are listening around the world, dare to ask me in my email down below how to come on for a conversation with me!Early Access: https://arsenioseslpodcast.podia.com/toefl-ibt/34154/monthly/buyTOEFL iBT Reading Course: https://arseniosesl ...
…
continue reading
Hello and welcome to our top-tier English Language Learning Podcast. Our distinctive and engaging podcasts are tailored for English language learners. They feature the first 5 minutes of listening to English on popular subjects like motivation, positive psychology, fiction, leadership, and business English. Each podcast is expertly narrated by a native speaker and is followed by at least 10 minutes of teacher-led activities, including speaking and pronunciation, reading, vocabulary building ...
…
continue reading
Learn American English online with us! In our course we emphasize all aspects of language learning from listening comprehension, rapid vocabulary expansion, exposure to English grammar and common idiomatic expressions, to pronunciation practice and interactive grammar exercises. In our program we discuss the Weekly News, English grammar, and English expressions, and much more in simplified English at a slow pace so that you can understand almost every word and sentence.
…
continue reading
Hi Everyone, welcome to The Talk English podcast. Talk English Daily podcast is designed to help you improve your English on a daily basis with our teachers who give you brief explanations of English Grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation rules. This podcast will improve your English knowledge and your listening skills, enjoy and learn!
…
continue reading
The purpose of this podcast is to entertain us, make us laugh and relax while learning the English language. It is a little twist; a deviation from the normal conventional way of teaching the English language. We will be learning the correct usage of English grammar, words, spellings and punctuations only that the language of communication will be Pidgin English also called Broken English in Nigeria.
…
continue reading
Being proficient in English speaking is not only demand of today but it adds a good shine to your personality and will make you ready for your career prospects. So friends here at my podcast show I will be giving you English grammar lessons with lot of sentences because speaking correctly is as important as knowing the language. Hosted by Bhavna Verma...
…
continue reading
1
English Grammar HELP and Podcasts for the Inquisitive ESL Student: We're Interactive!
ESL HELP! Desk
23243
Stop by our friendly HELP! Desk, where English grammar is made easy to understand. Listen to an audio of a story written by an ESL student. Ask that question that you've needed an answer to. We have the answers for you, whether you are a native speaker or somebody learning English as a Second Language, whether you are a student or writing a business letter. A new podcast every week.
…
continue reading
1
Friendlily Coach | Business English Podcast | English Proofreader And Editor | مدرب إنجليزي
Friendlily Coach
6164
1-on-1 Business English Coach For VIP Middle Eastern Founders | English Proofreader | مدرب إنجليزي Business English Podcast for Middle East founders. 🌹 What we do: We help VIP Middle Eastern founders grow their businesses worldwide with strong business English within 8 months. Proofread their English documents. 💕 Who we work with: We work with VIP Middle Eastern founders who have weak business English skills and can't build strong business relationships with their foreign clients, partners a ...
…
continue reading
1
Stop grammar mistakes in business meetings – Speak English confidently as a business owner
11:45
11:45
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
11:45
Stop grammar mistakes in international business meetings – Speak English confidently as a business owner.Mahmoud wanted to talk confidently in English during important events and meetings with his international clients and partners.He messaged on WhatsApp and explained how he had tried many methods to improve his weak English for more than five yea…
…
continue reading
1
IELTS Energy 1462: How to Avoid Band 4 on Grammar and Pronunciation
16:43
16:43
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
16:43
Save up to $50 on our B1 English Fluency course plus get a free FAST English listening course (Save $99). Offer ends Feb 23 at midnight Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoicesBy Lindsay McMahon, Jessica Beck, Aubrey Carter
…
continue reading
1
AEE 2360: Your Grammar Questions Answered: Past Simple or Past Progressive?
17:37
17:37
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
17:37
Save up to $50 on our B1 English Fluency course plus get a free FAST English listening course (Save $99). Offer ends Feb 23 at midnight Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoicesBy Lindsay McMahon and Michelle Kaplan
…
continue reading
1
Describing Your Birthday - February 18, 2025
7:01
7:01
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
7:01
By VOA Learning English
…
continue reading
Who's taller and who is the thinnest? Learn how to compare people and things in English. FIND BBC LEARNING ENGLISH HERE:Visit our website ✔️ https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglishFollow us ✔️ https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/followus SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWSLETTER:✔️ https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/newsletters LIKE PODCASTS?Try some of our o…
…
continue reading
1
Spotify Has Been Revolutionising Streaming for Nearly 20 Years - Present Perfect Continuous (English Grammar Lesson)
14:14
14:14
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
14:14
Download ELSA for free + get 7 days membership for free: https://bit.ly/ELSAxTHINKINGINENGLISH Get exclusive ELSA discounts: https://elsaspeak.com/inf/promo-code-thinking-in-english/?promocode=THINK85 STUDY PACK - https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish/shop/study-packs-past-present-and-future-807289 Since being founded in 2006, Spotify has been …
…
continue reading
1
5 Research-Backed Strategies to Be More Persuasive in English Even If It's Not Your First Language
10:29
10:29
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
10:29
Click here to upgrade your English speaking skills and accelerate your career! 🤩 https://academy.explearning.co/landing/plans/1495891 ✨Learn more about Explearning Academy ✨ https://academy.explearning.co Click here to upgrade your English speaking skills and accelerate your career! 🤩 https://academy.explearning.co/landing/plans/1495891 Download …
…
continue reading
In today’s episode, I’ll introduce you to some basic military vocabulary. Many of these words are used in movies, TV shows, news reports, and even everyday conversations. Hi! I'm Georgiana, and I'm back with a new episode. I'm here to help you speak English more easily and with confidence. Before we start, get the transcript. Visit: SpeakEnglishPod…
…
continue reading
1
Writing Motivation Hacks, with Mary Robinette Kowal
28:00
28:00
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
28:00
1058. If you struggle to sit down and write, you’ll love this conversation with award-winning author and podcaster Mary Robinette Kowal. Learn how to conquer writing obstacles with tips on managing distractions, handling research rabbit holes, and making time to write — even when life gets in the way. Mary Robinette Kowal is the author of The Spare…
…
continue reading
1
AEE 2361: Increase Your Lifespan and Listen Today
21:39
21:39
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
21:39
Save up to $50 on our B1 English Fluency course plus get a free FAST English listening course (Save $99). Offer ends Feb 23 at midnight Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoicesBy Lindsay McMahon and Michelle Kaplan
…
continue reading
Did you know that you can knock back, knock down, knock around, and knock up? You can even knock someone out or tell someone to knock it off. For today’s English lesson podcast, you’re gonna build your vocabulary and sound more natural using knock. Join my Podcast Learner's Study Group here: https://learn.myhappyenglish.com/transcript Visit my webs…
…
continue reading
1
STOP studying lists of the most common words
3:35
3:35
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
3:35
Vocabulary Builder Courses: https://courses.espressoenglish.net/vocabulary-builder-course/?aff=09c3ed58 STOP wasting time on random word lists! 🚫 Are you memorizing lists of the “most common English words” and still struggling to speak fluently? That’s because learning words one by one doesn’t help you! In this episode, I’ll show you a smarter way …
…
continue reading
1
Speak Better English with Harry | Episode 523
14:18
14:18
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
14:18
How do you describe sounds in English? This episode will help you expand your vocabulary with useful adjectives for different types of sounds and noises. Whether you’re preparing for an English exam IELTS, CAE or TOEFL or just want to sound more natural, learning the right words will make a big difference. You’ll hear real-life examples and explana…
…
continue reading
1
Master Resilient Communication: Stay Confident Under Pressure!
24:53
24:53
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
24:53
Boost your Communication Skills and get the life and job you want🤩 https://academy.explearning.co/landing/plans/1495891 Learn more about Explearning Academy ✨ https://academy.explearning.co ➡️✨🥳Join our community: https://academy.explearning.co/landing/plans/1495891 🚀 Want to handle high-stakes conversations with confidence? In this video, you'll l…
…
continue reading
Today I'm doing a rare in-person discussion with Teacher Zdenek. Zdenek has more than 12 years of experience in various settings, primarily teaching English learners of levels B2-C2. He's taught English in the Czech Republic, UK, Ireland and most recently Vietnam. Zdenek has also moved to Vietnam, and that's why we were able to meet up nearby in Ba…
…
continue reading
1
268. 3 Pronunciation Traps for Senior Managers – And How to Avoid Them!
8:55
8:55
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
8:55
Do you feel concious of your pronunciation? Here are 3 pronunciation traps I see senior manager falling into a lot. I chose these 3 words as they are very common in business English. If you find this episode useful, we can do more in the future. Want the full transcript and bonus content in the newsletter? CLICK HERE to become a free member Join ou…
…
continue reading
1
Arsenio's ESL Podcast | Coaching | Are You Influencing People Positively?
20:41
20:41
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
20:41
Send us a text Support the show WhatsApp: +66 (Thailand) 06 3359 0002 Emails: [email protected] ////// [email protected] Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thearsenioseslpodcast/ Second Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/arsenioseslpodcastt/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ArseniosESLPodcast/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c…
…
continue reading
⭐ 50% off Vocabulary Builder Courses! ⭐ - https://courses.espressoenglish.net/vocabulary-builder-course/?aff=09c3ed58 Do you want to BUILD your vocabulary by learning 1,000+ words in 1 month? If you want to: speak without pausing to try to think of the right word learn, use, and remember English vocabulary easily express yourself more fluently in E…
…
continue reading
1
PRIORITISING at work - How to talk about which tasks are important - Business English Class
29:43
29:43
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
29:43
Send us a text Today's Business English class is about which tasks are important and which tasks are not important. We listen to native and natural English vocabulary and sentence structures that can help us to discuss prioritising our tasks with our colleagues at work. Prioritising our tasks and discussing what's important with our colleagues can …
…
continue reading
1
Why we misuse ‘literally.’ How ham radio got its name. District
17:42
17:42
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
17:42
1057. Why do people use "literally" when they mean "figuratively"? This week, we look at how the meaning of "literally" changed over time. Plus, we look at how amateur radio operators came to be known as "hams" and why the term stuck. The "literally"segment was written by Valerie Fridland, a professor of linguistics at the University of Nevada in R…
…
continue reading
1
AEE 2359: How to Connect Ideas and People in English
19:05
19:05
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
19:05
Save up to $50 on our B1 English Fluency course plus get a free FAST English listening course (Save $99). Offer ends Feb 23 at midnight Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoicesBy Lindsay McMahon and Michelle Kaplan
…
continue reading
1
IELTS Energy 1461: Is This a 4 for Fluency and Vocabulary?
18:01
18:01
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
18:01
Save up to $50 on our B1 English Fluency course plus get a free FAST English listening course (Save $99). Offer ends Feb 23 at midnight Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoicesBy Lindsay McMahon, Jessica Beck, Aubrey Carter
…
continue reading
Send us a text Megan and Carrie talk with Massimiliano Canzanella about the Neapolitan language and how it is perceived in Italy. Asian languages and the LA fires Support the show Contact us: Threads us @vocalfriespod Bluesky us @vocalfriespod.bsky.social Email us at [email protected] Thanks for listening and keep calm and fry on…
…
continue reading
1
Lead on Macduff (Rebroadcast) - 17 February 2025
53:45
53:45
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
53:45
For rock climbers, skiers, and other outdoor enthusiasts, the word "send" has a whole new meaning. You might cheer on a fellow snowboarder with "Send it, bro!" -- and being "sendy" is a really great thing. Plus: a nostalgic trip to Willa Cather's' Nebraska home inspires a reading from one of her classic books about life on the American prairie. And…
…
continue reading
1
922. Words of the Year 📖 (with Amber)
1:49:10
1:49:10
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:49:10
Amber joins me for a discussion of some words which reflect various cultural movements of the last 12 months or more. Learn some trending words and listen to discussions of topics such as the influence of online content on mental health, the Oasis concert ticket scandal, an exploration of the 'lore' of LEP, romantic fantasy books, the rise of AI an…
…
continue reading
1
AEE 2358: English Vocabulary is Tricky? You’re Telling Me!
15:38
15:38
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
15:38
Save up to $50 on our B1 English Fluency course plus get a free FAST English listening course (Save $99). Offer ends Feb 23 at midnight Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoicesBy Lindsay McMahon and Michelle Kaplan
…
continue reading
Why don’t we go somewhere. A lot of people learn English because they love to travel. How about you? Whether it’s taking trip through the countryside, a voyage across the sea, or an exotic journey to a foreign land, I think most people just like to go somewhere. Travel, trip, journey and voyage. These four words can take you from your living room t…
…
continue reading
Brazil is facing a currency and debt crisis as investor confidence in the country’s economic policies plummets. Since President Lula da Silva returned to office in 2023, increased public spending and rising debt levels have fueled concerns about Brazil’s financial stability. The Brazilian Real has weakened significantly, inflation remains high, and…
…
continue reading
Never underestimate the impact that your actions may have on someone else's life... In today's pour, we will talk about how our tiny little deeds create a world of change ^_^ Transcripts Available: englishandcoffee.org Contact:[email protected]
…
continue reading
1
329. Why Is American English Different to British English? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
19:19
19:19
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
19:19
Download ELSA for free + get 7 days membership for free: https://bit.ly/ELSAxTHINKINGINENGLISH Get exclusive ELSA discounts: https://elsaspeak.com/inf/promo-code-thinking-in-english/?promocode=THINK85 Today I want to discuss Noah Webster, the man who played a major role in creating American English. We’ll talk about his life and motivations, his fa…
…
continue reading
1
Arsenio's ESL Podcast | Coaching | Motivational Monday -- What if Today was THAT Monday?
8:18
8:18
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
8:18
Send us a text Support the show WhatsApp: +66 (Thailand) 06 3359 0002 Emails: [email protected] ////// [email protected] Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thearsenioseslpodcast/ Second Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/arsenioseslpodcastt/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ArseniosESLPodcast/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c…
…
continue reading
